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Complex Numbers
Complex Numbers
A complex number is expressed in the standard form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is defined by i^2 = -1 (that is, i is the square root of -1). For example, 3 + 2i is a complex number.
The bi term is often referred to as an imaginary number (though this may be misleading, as it is no more "imaginary" than the symbolic abstractions we know as the "real" numbers). Thus, every complex number has a real part, a, and an imaginary part, bi.
Complex numbers are often represented on a graph known as the "complex plane," where the horizontal axis represents the infinity of real numbers, and the vertical axis represents the infinity of imaginary numbers. Thus, each complex number has a unique representation on the complex plane: some closer to real; others, more imaginary. If a = b, the number is equal parts real and imaginary.
Very simple transformations applied to numbers in the complex plane can lead to fractal structures of enormous intricacy and astonishing beauty.
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Science!
https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/5/17/18627757/kilogram-redefined-wor...
Mostly I'm just linking this because it's interesting. Still, I have questions.
Big K [the official kilogram object] is not constant. It has lost around 50 micrograms (about the mass of an eyelash) since it was created. But, frustratingly, when Big K loses mass, it’s still exactly one kilogram, per the old definition.
Okay, but if Big K is the kilogram standard against which all other masses are compared, then how do they know it lost 50 micrograms? Anything you compare it to is, by definition, NOT the kg standard and so might also have changed mass through known or unknown processes.
Officially, in the US, 1 pound is defined as 0.45359237 kilograms.
Dafuq? A pound is a unit of weight. A kilogram is a unit of mass. Even in different places on the Earth's surface, with the level of precision we're talking about here, a kilogram might weigh more or less because the force of gravity changes slightly.
The new definition anchors the value of the kilogram to a constant in nature, which can never, ever change
Until we discover that it does.
Light speed, on the other hand, is unchanging.
Oversimplifying a bit. The speed of light in a vacuum is, as far as we have ever been able to tell, unchanging. But it's slower in air, water, glass, etc.
If you glossed over it all, here’s what all this change boils down to: We’ll no longer need a government — the US, France, whoever — or an international governing body to tell us what a kilogram is. It will be a fundamental truth of the universe, available to anyone with the proper equipment to realize it.
Regardless, that's pretty damn cool.
(I should note that my comments above are meant mostly humorously - the people whose job it is to set these standards are more knowledgeable and careful than I am. ...I hope.) |
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