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Complex Numbers
Complex Numbers

A complex number is expressed in the standard form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is defined by i^2 = -1 (that is, i is the square root of -1). For example, 3 + 2i is a complex number.

The bi term is often referred to as an imaginary number (though this may be misleading, as it is no more "imaginary" than the symbolic abstractions we know as the "real" numbers). Thus, every complex number has a real part, a, and an imaginary part, bi.

Complex numbers are often represented on a graph known as the "complex plane," where the horizontal axis represents the infinity of real numbers, and the vertical axis represents the infinity of imaginary numbers. Thus, each complex number has a unique representation on the complex plane: some closer to real; others, more imaginary. If a = b, the number is equal parts real and imaginary.

Very simple transformations applied to numbers in the complex plane can lead to fractal structures of enormous intricacy and astonishing beauty.




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July 4, 2021 at 1:15am
July 4, 2021 at 1:15am
#1013015
It should be of no surprise to anyone that, as an engineer, I like looking at engineering projects when I travel. I don't really do enough of that, because I'm also a drinker and I have priorities.

So yesterday, I went to check out the St. Anthony Falls.  Open in new Window.

The Falls themselves, of course, predated the engineering project that tamed them and kept them from eroding to become a stretch of river rapids, and the history there at the above link is just as interesting. But the area also includes several other cool engineering things, like the concrete arch bridge upstream -- currently closed for renovation work -- and the lock that was constructed to enable shipping above the falls.

That lock was closed a few years ago, but the structure remains. The reason for the closure was to stop the spread of Asian carp, an invasive species, upriver. So when I was touring the lock, looking into the waters upriver, what do you think I saw? Go ahead, guess.

That's right. An Asian carp.

On the plus side, I guess I caught my first Pokemon.

Also very cool is the stone arch (former) railroad bridge  Open in new Window. just below the falls, which I'm told is the only stone arch bridge crossing the Mississippi. It's currently a pedestrian and biking trail. And apparently a scooter and Segway trail. Yes, there are still Segways around. I saw an entire flock of tourists riding them like ducklings behind their mother hen. Anyway, the point is, the bridge is an official engineering landmark, and I got great views of it while messing around on the lock.

I know I mentioned before about wanting to go into forbidden places, but the lock -- the surface part of it anyway - is open to the public. They even give tours. I'd give a lot to see its inner workings, but alas, that part's forbidden unless you're a park ranger, and then you have to deal with being a park ranger. Oh, yeah, it's owned by the National Park Service; I forgot to mention that bit.

But I was talking about the stone arch bridge. Apparently, in order to build the lock at the Falls, they had to wipe out a section of the stone arch bridge and replace it with a big red ugly metal truss, thus changing the character of the bridge as seen from the sides.

Which I guess fits with the theme of the other engineering projects in the area.


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