Developmental edits (an edit letter on the overall story and any parts that need polishing; may be one round or multiple rounds)
Line edits (in-line comments suggesting adjustments on the sentence level, if necessary—usually for clarity)
Copyedits (an in-house or freelance copyeditor is brought in to read the whole book for consistency, clarity, and flow, and the author must respond to their comments/fix any issues; an important step, because by now, usually the editor and author have been staring at the book for a while, and it's important to have fresh eyes to catch any issues their tired eyes might have missed)
Pass pages (after the book has been formatted to look like a book—margins, special fonts, page layout, etc.—the book is sent to a proofreader and also to the author, both of whom will have the opportunity to reread the whole thing and take note of formatting issues or typos made/created in any of the other editorial steps. Some publishers do only one or two rounds of pass pages, and some do multiple rounds. It depends on the book and the publisher.)